An assessment of the potential for atmospheric emission verification in The Netherlands

Doel van dit project was het ontwikkelen van een systeem voor het kwantificeren van het broeikasgasbudget op landelijke en regionale schaal. Het ME2 consortium heeft een ‘protocol’ ontwikkeld om een referentieschatting te maken ten behoeve van de verificatie van nationale emissies. Daarmee is het op termijn mogelijk de nauwkeurigheid en geloofwaardigheid van aan UNFCCC en Kyoto gerapporteerde emissies, en reducties daarvan, te verifiëren. Met verschillende inversie methoden, van data tot model gedreven, zijn emissieschattingen gemaakt. De data gedreven methoden kunnen schattingen maken voor alle drie de broeikasgassen voor NL als geheel en zijn representatief voor meerdere jaren. Met de meer model gedreven inversies zijn meer ruimtelijk en temporeel gedistribueerde schattingen te maken

Hypnosis and conversion disorder: Assessment and treatment issues

Item does not contain fulltextRU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 24 oktober 2001Promotores : Hoogduin, C.A.L., Spinhoven, P. Co-promotor : Dyck, C. van243 p

Hypnosis and conversion disorder: assessment and treatment issues

Contains fulltext : 146807.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)X, 243 p

The creative use of unexpected responses in the hypnotherapy of patients with conversion disorders

Item does not contain fulltextIn a previously completed empirical study examining the use of hypnosis in a comprehensive treatment program with 85 patients who suffered motor conversion symptoms, 16 patients were reported by their therapists to have had unusual and unexpected responses during hypnosis. This article summarizes the literature on the occurrence of unintended phenomena during hypnosis and presents instances encountered in a study of conversion hysterics. The article illustrates these occurrences and their management with 7 clinical vignettes and concludes that surprising or unusual responses to hypnosis with these types of cases can be an opportunity for the patient to enhance understanding and gain control over his or her symptoms

Hypnosis in the treatment of conversion and somatization disorders

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Conversiestoornis

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Over oorzaken en behandeling van conversieve fluisterspraak (afonie)

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Een behandelmodel voor conversie

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On Monin–Obukhov Scaling in and Above the Atmospheric Surface Layer: The Complexities of Elevated Scintillometer Measurements

In scintillometry Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) is used to calculate the surface sensible heat flux from the structure parameter of temperature (CT2)(CT2) . In order to prevent saturation a scintillometer can be installed at an elevated level. However, in that case the observation level might be located outside the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) and thus the validity of MOST questioned. Therefore, we examine two concepts to determine the turbulent surface sensible heat flux from the structure parameter at elevated levels with data obtained at 60-m height on the Cabauw tower (the Netherlands). In the first concept (MOSTs) CT2CT2 is still scaled with the surface flux, whereas in the second (MOSTl) CT2CT2 is scaled with the local sensible heat flux. The CT2CT2 obtained from both concepts is compared with direct observations of CT2CT2 using a sonic anemometer/thermometer. In the afternoon (when the measurement height is located within the ASL) both concepts give results that are comparable to the directly observed values of CT2CT2 . In the morning (data outside the ASL), our data do not unequivocally support either of the two concepts. First, the peak in CT2CT2 that occurs when the measurement height is located in the entrainment zone disqualifies the use of MOST. Second, during the morning transition, local scaling shows the correct pattern (zero flux and a minimum in CT2CT2) but underestimates CT2CT2 by a factor of ten. Third, from the best linear fit a we found that the slope of MOSTl gave better results, whereas the offset is closer to zero for MOSTs. Further, the correlation between the direct observations and MOST-scaled results is low and similar for the two concepts. In the end, we conclude that MOST is not applicable for the morning hours when the observation level is above the ASL

LES model intercomparisons for the stable atmospheric boundary layer

Model intercomparisons are one possible method to gain confidence in Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) as a viable tool to study turbulence in the atmospheric boundary-layer. This paper discusses the setup and some results of two intercomparison cases focussing on the stably stratified nocturnal boundary-layer. Furthermore, options for the specification of new intercomparison cases based on data, but with less complex forcings are discussed